I steered clear of gold rings for years because every one I tried on either looked like a wedding band I hadn't earned or felt so thin I was convinced it would bend the first time I did anything useful with my hands. What changed was borrowing a plain band off a friend for a week when my hands felt bare without it, and realising a proper one just sits there quietly doing nothing dramatic, which is exactly what I wanted from a ring.
Once I had one I liked, it went with almost everything I already owned without me having to think about it. A plain gold band works under a jumper sleeve pushed up at the elbow, next to a watch on the other wrist, with hoop earrings or small studs, and it doesn't fight with a silver bracelet the way I was told it would for years, that rule is nonsense in real life. It sits well on a hand doing the washing up, typing, or holding a coffee cup, which sounds like a low bar but is actually the whole point of wearing one every day rather than saving it for best.
The details worth checking before you buy matter more with rings than with most jewellery, because you can't send your hand back if it doesn't fit. Look at whether it's solid gold or plated, and if it's plated, how thick that layer is, because a thin wash will wear through at the high points within a year of normal wear, especially if you take rings on and off a lot. Check for a hallmark if it claims to be solid gold, not just a stamp that says the carat, an actual proper hallmark. Feel the weight in your hand, because a band that feels suspiciously light for its size is usually hollow inside, fine for occasional wear, less fine if you want something that survives daily life. And get the sizing right at the knuckle as well as the base of the finger, because a ring that slides over a swollen knuckle in a shop will spin round uselessly once your hand settles.
As for when to wear it, a gold ring doesn't really have an off season, which is part of why it earns a permanent spot rather than a seasonal one. It works for an ordinary Tuesday as easily as it works for something with a bit more effort put into the rest of the outfit, and it doesn't need the weather or the occasion to justify itself. The one thing I'd look for first, before colour or style, is the hallmark, because everything else about how well it wears follows on from that.